PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.